The Agrarian Structure of Bangladesh: An Impediment to Development by F Tomasson Jannuzi & James T Peach

Author:F Tomasson Jannuzi & James T Peach [Jannuzi, F Tomasson & Peach, James T]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Real Estate, Development, Developing & Emerging Countries, Social Science, Economic Development, Business & Economics, General
ISBN: 9780367305475
Google: MKNozgEACAAJ
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Published: 2021-05-31T06:16:50+00:00

Notes

1. The very existence of a foodgrain gap in recent years can be debated. The seeming scarcity of foodgrains in some years may be more indicative of the system of distribution of what is produced than it is illustrative of shortfalls in production.

2. "Agency for International Development, Fiscal Year 1976 Submission to the Congress, Near East and South Asia Programs," Washington, D.C.: USAID, May, 1975, pp. 44-5.

3. See, for example, Daniel Thorner's writings, particularly The Agrarian Prospect in India.

4. See, for example, India's Fourth Five Year Plan-A Draft Outline, p. 125.

5. Ladejinsky, Wolf. Foreign Affairs (42) April, 1964, p. 446.

6. See in this context, Moore, Barrington. Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt, and Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies.

7. See Jannuzi, F. T., Agrarian Crisis in India: The Case of Bihar.

8. Ibid., pp. 162-65.

9. We are not suggesting that all attempts ceased to transform the agrarian structure. In India, there have been periodic attempts to reassert the need for agrarian reform in the Permanent Settlement region. (See, for example, India, "Chief Ministers' Conference on Land Reform.") We are suggesting, however, that there has been a marked discrepancy between central government exhortations concerning the need for structural change and the rural development goals pursued in the states.

10. Jannuzi, Agrarian Crisis in India, p. 164.

11. See, for example, Bardhan, Pranab, 'Trends in Land Relations."

12. The term large landholders is used here in reference to holdings of 15 acres or more.

13. For example, S. K. Chakraverty, Bihar's agricultural development commissioner in 1970, argued that steps would have to be taken to ensure that small farmers (with holdings between 2.5 and 5 acres) were made full participants in any program designed to disseminate new technology in agriculture. Accordingly, a number of pilot projects for small farmers were established in Bihar.

14. The growth of agrarian tensions in Bihar is recorded and linked to the failure of agrarian reform and widening income inequalities in the countryside in a widely circulated, but unpublished, report. See India, The Causes and Nature of Current Agrarian Tensions."

15. Clearly, Bihar is not the Punjab. But it is noteworthy that the land resources of Bihar are superior to those in much of the Punjab. The differences in performance between the two states are associated with differences in the historical evolution of their land systems and other factors, including those noted in the text. See, for example, Doreen Warriner, Land Reform in Principle and Practice, pp. 211-12.

16. Moore, Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt, p. 43; also see Migdal, Peasants, Politics and Revolution, p. 53.

17. For elaboration on this theme, see Barrington Moore's analysis of this process in Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt, p. 462.

18. Ibid., p. 43.

19. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies, pp. 291-92.

20. For an assessment of the manner in which production-maximizing (Green Revolution) rural development strategies widened income inequalities in rural areas of South Asia, see, for example, Pranab Bardhan, "Trends in Land Relations," Francine Frankel, "Agricultural Modernisation and Social Change," and F.

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